Ultrasonic tomographic velocimeter for visualization of axial flow fields in pipes

An ultrasonic tomographic velocimeter to provide quantitative images of axial flow fields in pipes is developed and presented in this work. To detect the flow in various directions and positions, a novel transducer configuration strategy is proposed. All-in-one transducers are mounted in two sectional planes of the pipe. In each plane, N transducers are equally spaced along the circumference. Overlapped propagation paths are introduced by the configuration strategy, and the influence of the vortex flow can be eliminated theoretically by averaging the line velocities of the overlapped paths. To achieve a fast detection speed, the projection data is collected via an electrical scan in a fan-beam mode. After rearrangement and interpolation of the projection data, the parallel beam filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm is implemented to reconstruct the axial flow field. Numerical simulations with the theoretical velocity profiles were performed. The compensation method for the vortex flow is proved to be effective and necessary, and the number of transducers required for reconstruction of common flow profiles was estimated. Accordingly, an ultrasonic tomographic velocimeter consisting of 2×12 transducers was fabricated. Experiments were conducted in the straight pipe and downstream of a single bend pipe and compared with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results. As demonstrated, the ultrasonic tomographic velocimeter was capable of visualizing both symmetric and asymmetric axial flow fields with high reliability.     

柠条的纤维特性及其双螺杆CMP制浆性能研究

以柠条为原料，分析了其化学组分和纤维形态，并探讨了柠条双螺杆CMP法的制浆工艺以及浆料的纤维形态和成纸的物理性能。研究结果表明：与针、阔叶木相比，柠条原料中纤维素和综纤维素质量分数较低，苯醇抽出物和热水抽出物质量分数较高，柠条纤维长度总体偏短，木质部和皮部的纤维质量平均长度分别为0.621和0.819 mm，还存在部分杂细胞。采用3.5% Na₂SO₃和1.5% NaOH常温预浸12 h、90℃汽蒸1 h后再用双螺杆挤浆机在质量分数35%下进行搓丝，并结合高浓盘磨机磨浆，所得CMP浆得率可达73%。柠条CMP浆基本保持了纤维原有的长度，质量平均长度达0.650 mm，长宽比为32.7，纤维解离较好，但分丝帚化情况不理想，含有部分纤维束和杂细胞。当加拿大游离度为300 mL时，柠条CMP浆成纸的环压强度指数和松厚度较高，分别为8.67（N·m）/g和2.56 cm³/g，抗张指数为19.6（N·m）/g，本色浆白度较高，达50%（ISO）。柠条CMP浆适合配抄瓦楞原纸等包装用纸，漂白后可配抄新闻纸和白板纸。     

二滩拱坝初次蓄水的变位监测反分析

简要介绍了在二滩拱坝1998年5月初次蓄水期,通过拱坝垂线和监测网系统,用统计模型和确定性模型理论分析方法,建立了施加于坝体各作用量与坝体受作用后的效应量(变位)间的数学关系;并根据预先计算分析成果,提出了在初次蓄水运行中拱坝变位的参考预报值,实时对二滩拱坝实际工作状态作出安全评判。     

一种智能型的PCB产业需求预测方法

目前需求预测在整个印制电路板产业的生产活动控制中正扮演着越来越重要的角色。分析了影响印制电路板需求的因素和现有的预测方法,提出了一种适用于PCB产业需求预测的有效方法——遗传/BP—神经网络。实验表明该方法能够进一步改善印制电路板预测的准确度和减少生产成本的消耗。     

交叉试验

发生了质量事故,是设备、操作等硬件的缘故,抑或药液的缘故?通过交叉试验的故事,把真相找了出来。     

NaY晶化母液制备硅铝胶的技术探讨

在导向剂法合成Y型分子筛的工艺下，晶化母液中SiO₂的含量为50～55g/l,Na₂O含量为20～25g/l，相当于模数为1.65～2.58的稀水玻璃，将晶化母液分离处理后，在晶化母液中加入一定量的硫酸铝溶液使硅沉淀,经过滤和水洗后即可制备出合格的硅铝胶，以便进行重新利用。     

浓香型瓶装酒库存过程中理化指标的变化

经过对1996年及1999年灌装的种子牌系列浓香型白酒的理化指标检测，发现在贮存过程中理化指标变化很大，总酸，固形物呈上升趋势，总酯，己酸乙酯呈下降趋势,其升降幅度与贮存时间相关，时间越长变化越大，贮存3年的高低度5个样平均总酸上升18．2％，28度样总酸上升28．3％，50度样总酸仅上升11％，固形物平均上升39．2％，28度样上升43％，50度样上升18％，总酯平均下降24％，28度样下降34％，50度样下降31％，己酸己酯平均下降32．4％，28度样下降59％，50度样下降32％，贮存6年的5个样总酸平均上升39．8％，28度样上升52％，50度样上升41％，固形物平均上升71．8％，28度样上升635＜50度样上升77％，总酯平均下降42．4％，28度样下降54％，50度样下降31％，己酸乙酯平均下降51．8％，28度样下降69％，50度样下32%.     

破乳-酸化法处理直馏柴油精制废碱液

采用破乳 -酸化法对直馏柴油精制废碱液进行处理 ,筛选出最佳的破乳条件和酸化终点。实验结果表明 ,采用破乳剂或热力破乳 -酸化法预处理直馏柴油精制废碱液是一种有效的预处理方法。经该方法处理后的废碱液化学需氧量 (COD)下降率可达 93 4 %,除油率为 87%,副产物硫酸钠能得到最大限度地回收利用。同时 ,该方法设备简单 ,处理费用低廉 ,易于实现工业化。     

最忆湘西情与梦率真至诚是刘虹--为"湘酒鬼"新任董事长刘虹写真

刘虹，湘西之子，亿万富翁。在“湘酒鬼”“迷途”之际，以3．5亿元民营资本入主“湘酒鬼”，担负起“扭转乾坤”的使命，可谓“玩家”大手笔。然“醉翁”之意本在酒、在振兴湘酒、振兴湘西。上任伊始，战略目标既定：一要制订发展远景规划，二要培养高素质的营销管理队伍，三要制订有“酒鬼”发展特色的标准化管理体系。以“统一文化观念，重塑企业精神”运作“湘酒鬼”。以“尊重科学、尊重知识、培养人才、合理用人、严格管理”发展“湘酒鬼”。(小雨)     

Wavefront reduction using graphs,neural networks and genetic algorithm

This paper presents an algorithm for nodal numbering in order to obtain a small wavefront. Element clique graphs are employed as the mathematical models of finite element meshes. A priority function containing five vectors is used, which can be viewed as a generalization of Sloan's function. These vectors represent different connectivity properties of the graph models. Unlike Sloan's algorithm, which uses two fixed coefficients, here, five coefficients are employed, based on an evaluation by artificial neural networks. The networks weights are obtained using a simple genetic algorithm. Examples are included to illustrate the performance of the present hybrid method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.